Comparative CFD Analysis of Air–Fuel Ratio Effects on the Performance of a Non-Premixed Combustion Burner
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Checker bricks in regenerative furnaces gradually accumulate deposits from glass raw materials during long-term operation, reducing heat transfer efficiency and obstructing combustion air and exhaust gas flow. These deposits increase furnace pressure, accelerate checker brick degradation, and shorten furnace service life. This study evaluates the performance of a non-premixed combustion burner for checker brick maintenance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using the non-premixed combustion model in ANSYS Fluent with different air-to-fuel ratios (AFR) and validated experimentally. The optimum performance was achieved at an AFR of 10.6:1, producing a maximum flame temperature of 944°C and a flame length of 1,683 mm, satisfying the required heating temperature and flame penetration for effective deposit removal. Experimental validation showed stable burner operation at air damper openings between 55% and 60%, successfully melting deposits on the checker brick surface. The proposed burner is suitable for regenerative furnace maintenance, while the validated CFD model provides a reliable approach for future burner optimization and heating coverage analysis of checker brick treatment.
##Keywords:##
Non-Premixed, CFD, Fluent, Burner, Combustion.
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Published
Jul 30, 2026
How to Cite
KURNIAWAN, Taufik; IKHLAS, Muhammad; MA'RUF, Mohammad Zaini.
Comparative CFD Analysis of Air–Fuel Ratio Effects on the Performance of a Non-Premixed Combustion Burner.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 70, n. 2, p. 118-126, july 2026.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/616>. Date accessed: 05 aug. 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v70i2.616.
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[17] Pratiwi, T. M., Putra, Y. S., Sampurno, J., Muhardi & Sutanto, Y. (2024). Study of the secondary flow formed on two-channel junction using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace - Science and Engineering, 68(3), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v68i3.372.
[18] Mishra, A., Sharma, P., Gebreyesus, B. Y., Kumar, M., & Ray, A. (2022). A Comprehensive Study on Flame Length under Oxygen Enhanced Laminar Non-premixed Combustion. Combustion Science and Technology, 196(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2022.2071608.
[19] Ariwibowo, T. H., Safitra, A. G., Fakri, M. H. & Fitrony, M. A. (2022). Numerical study of non-premixed combustion characteristics on supplementary firing of hrsg. Eksergi, 18(2), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v18i2.3546.
[20] Noor, M. M., Wandel, A. P. & Yusaf, T. F. (2013). The analysis of recirculation zone and ignition position of non-premixed bluff-body for biogas MILD combustion. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 7, 984–995. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.7.2013.15.0082.
[2] Arican, T. F. & Hortaçsu, Ö. (1992). Energy conservation in glass manufacture. Energy, 17(6), 617–624. doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(92)90097-J.
[3] Kumpa, J., Ineure, P., Chakartnarodom, P., Cherdhirunkorn, B., Laitila, E. A. & Kongkajun, N. (2022). Recycling of exhausted dust from regenerator of glass furnace in glass batch melting. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals,32(2), 50–55. doi:10.55713/jmmm.v32i2.1263.
[4] An, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Ma, Y. & Wang, X. (2023). Research on Corrosion Resistance of Checker Bricks in Regenerators of Glass Furnaces. China's Refractories, 32(1), 20.
[5] Aksenov, A. A., Pechenyuk, A. V. & Vu?ini?, D. (2015). Ship hull form design and optimization based on CFD. In Proceedings of the Towards Green Marine Technology and Transport Conference. London, United Kingdom.
[6] Granados, D. A., Chejne, F., Mejía, J. M., Gómez, C. A., Berrío, A. & Jurado, W. J. (2014). Effect of flue gas recirculation during oxy-fuel combustion in a rotary cement kiln. Energy, 64, 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.032.
[7] Mansouri, Z. & Boushaki, T. (2018). Experimental and numerical investigation of turbulent isothermal and reacting flows in a non-premixed swirl burner. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 72, 200–213. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2018.06.007.
[8] Dabade, T. M., Li, X., Chen, D., Lou, H. H., Martin, C., Li, K. & Singh, K. D. (2012). CFD simulation of confined non-premixed flames. In Proceedings of the ASME 2012 Summer Heat Transfer Conference (HT2012). ASME. doi:10.1115/HT2012-58497.
[9] Boushaki, T., Merlo, N., Chauveau, C. & Gökalp, I. (2017). Study of pollutant emissions and dynamics of non-premixed turbulent oxygen enriched flames from a swirl burner. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 36(3), 3959-3968.
[10] Merlo, N., Boushaki, T., Chauveau, C., de Persis, S., Pillier, L, Sarh, B., Gökalp, I., (2013).Experimental study of oxygen enrichment effects on turbulent non-premixed swirling flames. Energy Fuel 27, 6191–6197.
[11] Liu, F., Zheng, L. & Zhang, R. (2020). Emissions and thermal efficiency for premixed burners in a condensing gas boiler. Energy, 202, 117449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117449.
[12] Nuryadi, A. P., Helios, M. P., Fathoni, A. M., Chairunnisa, C., Fitrianto, F., Pujowidodo, H., Sumarah, K. P., Komara, R. J., Kuswa, F. M. &Soewono, R. T. (2023). CFD simulation of CO? reduction in co-firing of coal and palm oil empty fruit bunches using a non-premixed combustion model. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 24(2), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2023.725.
[13] Shi, H.-W. & Wang, H.-P. (2023). Research on full premixed combustion and emission characteristics of non-electric gas boiler. Energies, 16(21), 7409. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217409.
[14] Asrowibowo, N., Indiaryanto, M. & Rina (2016). Optimization design and hydrodynamic test on propeller mini submarine. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace – Science and Engineering (JOMAse), 27(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v27i1.425
[15] Sautet, J. C., Salentey, L., Ditaranto, M. & Samaniego, J. M. (2001). Length of natural gas-oxygen non-premixed flames. Combustion Science and Technology, 166(1), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200108907823
[16] Kumar, A. & Bharti, R. P. (2026). Performance evaluation of rans-based turbulence models in predicting turbulent non-premixed swirling combustion within a realistic can combustor. arXiv .https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.19994
[17] Pratiwi, T. M., Putra, Y. S., Sampurno, J., Muhardi & Sutanto, Y. (2024). Study of the secondary flow formed on two-channel junction using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace - Science and Engineering, 68(3), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v68i3.372.
[18] Mishra, A., Sharma, P., Gebreyesus, B. Y., Kumar, M., & Ray, A. (2022). A Comprehensive Study on Flame Length under Oxygen Enhanced Laminar Non-premixed Combustion. Combustion Science and Technology, 196(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2022.2071608.
[19] Ariwibowo, T. H., Safitra, A. G., Fakri, M. H. & Fitrony, M. A. (2022). Numerical study of non-premixed combustion characteristics on supplementary firing of hrsg. Eksergi, 18(2), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v18i2.3546.
[20] Noor, M. M., Wandel, A. P. & Yusaf, T. F. (2013). The analysis of recirculation zone and ignition position of non-premixed bluff-body for biogas MILD combustion. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 7, 984–995. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.7.2013.15.0082.
