Design and Implementation of Arduino-Based NRF Remote Control Steering System for Hand Tractors to Enhance Agricultural Efficiency

  • Ade Rukmana Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Garut, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
  • Wasep Firmansyah Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Garut, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
  • Folin Oktafiani Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Garut, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
  • Khaulyca Arva Artemysia Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Garut, Indonesia
  • Sifa Nurpadilah Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Garut, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v69i3.551

Abstract

Hand tractors are crucial for small-scale farming in Indonesia, but prolonged manual operation leads to operator fatigue, reduced productivity, and safety risks. This study develops a wireless steering control system for a hand tractor using an Arduino microcontroller and NRF24L01 transceiver. The system features a handheld transmitter with joystick input and a tractor-mounted receiver that controls the throttle via a servo motor and steering/clutch mechanisms through solenoids. The design process included system architecture, hardware and power circuit development, software programming, prototype assembly, and testing. Results show that the system operates optimally within 1–2 meters and remains functional up to 8 meters, though with communication degradation (increased delay, packet loss, and reduced actuator accuracy). Key constraints identified include unstable power supply, NRF24L01 limitations, and inadequate solenoid drivers. Recommendations for improvement include using NRF24L01+ PA/LNA modules, separating power rails, and adopting MOSFET-based drivers to enhance reliability and safety.

##Keywords:## Wireless control, NRF24L01, Arduino, hand tractor, Automation.
Published
Nov 30, 2025
How to Cite
RUKMANA, Ade et al. Design and Implementation of Arduino-Based NRF Remote Control Steering System for Hand Tractors to Enhance Agricultural Efficiency. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 69, n. 3, p. 184-189, nov. 2025. ISSN 2527-6085. Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/551>. Date accessed: 09 may 2026. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v69i3.551.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 69 No 3 (2025): Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse)
Section
Articles

References

[1] Aisyah, S. (2015). Analisis kebutuhan dan pengelolaan traktor tangan pada kegiatan pengolahan tanah pertanian di desa Sumber Kalong Kecamatan Kalisat. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Universitas Jember. Jember.
[2] Hayati, A., & Marzban, A. (2024). A review of the ergonomic problems of agricultural activities in connection with mechanization: Some Iranian farm works as instances. WORK, 10519815251351602.
[3] Soedarto, T., & Ainiyah, R. K. (2022). Teknologi Pertanian Menjadi Petani Inovatif 5.0: Transisi Menuju Pertanian Modern. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
[4] Imnadir, I., Junaidi, A. K., Arief, D. S., & Dalil, M. (2024). Automatic control of bottle contents and separation of empty bottles in packaging process using programmable logic controller siemens S7-1200. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace-science and engineering-, 68(2), 88-98.
[5] Toss, H. Safety and transport vehicles and WP2 SAMPO – Online condition monitoring techniques: Dielectric properties. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
[6] El Faouzi, N. E., Leung, H., & Kurian, A. (2011). Data fusion in intelligent transportation systems: Progress and challenges - A survey. Information Fusion, 12(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2010.06.001.
[7] Sarimuddin, S. (2023). Cara mudah kuasai mikrokontroler Arduino: Teori dan praktek. Eureka Media Aksara.
[8] Saldan, A. M., Radi, R., Purwantana, B., & Sutiarso, L. (2024). Redesign and performance test of liquid fertilizer based on variable rate application on chili cultivation. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 13(2), 339-349.
[9] Setiawan, F. A., Suharyatun, S., & Asmara, S. (n.d.). Requirement analysis of hand tractor using geographic information systems in Pringsewu District and Gading Rejo District, Pringsewu Regency. Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering, 1(4), 545–555.
[10] Prasetya, D. A., & Satriyatama, K. A. (2019). Rancang Bangun Prototype Traktor dengan Kendali Jarak Jauh Menggunakan Smart Phone. Prosiding Simposium Nasional Rekayasa Aplikasi Perancangan dan Industri, 106-113.
[11] Setiono, I. (2015). Akumulator, pemakaian dan perawatannya. METANA, 11(01). https://doi.org/10.14710/metana.v11i01.12579.
[12] Finawan, A., Muhaimin, M., Eliyani, E., & Hanafi, H. (2019). Rancang bangun prototipe pengendali traktor tangan secara jarak jauh berbasis mikrokontroler. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe (Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 42).
[13] Septiano, A., & Gozali, T. (2020). Nrf 24l01 sebagai pemancar/penerima untuk wireless sensor network. Jurnal Tekno, 17(1), 26-34.
[14] Cacciuttolo, C., Atencio, E., Komarizadehasl, S., & Lozano-Galant, J. A. (2024). Internet of Things long-range-wide-area-network-based wireless sensors network for underground mine monitoring: Planning an efficient, safe, and sustainable labor environment. Sensors, 24(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/s24216971.
[15] Li, Q., & Wang, L. (2019, October). Proceedings 2019 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics. In Proceedings-2019 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics, CISP-BMEI 2019 (p. 8966030).
[16] Gu, J., Shen, Y., & Zhou, B. (2020). Image processing using multi-code gan prior. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 3012-3021).