Sea Level Anomaly Variability Due to Global Climate in the Western Waters of Sumatra
Abstract
The western waters of Sumatra are part of the Indonesian waters that directly interact with the Indian Ocean, which is a climatologically complex area due to influenced by various atmospheric and marine phenomena that are seasonal and inter annual. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on changes in sea level in Western Sumatra waters during the period of 1997-2023. The data used include sea level anomaly (SLA), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), and Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The results show that strong El Niño, such as in 1997/1998, cause sea level to drop to - 0.3 meters due to intense upwelling. In contrast, El Niño 2015/2016 increased sea level by + 0.2 meters due to the dominance of down welling. During the La Niña period, sea level rose significantly, reaching 0.3 meters in 2022/23. The long-term trend shows an average sea level rise of 0.056-0.064 meters over the last 26 years, with different variations between regions.
##Keywords:##
The western waters of Sumatra, ONI, El Niño, La Niña, Sea level anomaly.
Published
Jul 29, 2025
How to Cite
BANJARNAHOR, Samuel Kristian Alfredo et al.
Sea Level Anomaly Variability Due to Global Climate in the Western Waters of Sumatra.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 69, n. 2, p. 113-119, july 2025.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/534>. Date accessed: 03 june 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v69i2.534.
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[7] Azuga, N.A. (2021). Kerentanan kawasan pesisir terhadap bencana kenaikan muka air laut (Sea Level Rise) di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Kelautan Tropis, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v3i2.41.
[8] Karlina, W.R. & Viana, A.S. (2020). Pengaruh naiknya permukaan air laut terhadap perubahan garis pangkal pantai akibat perubahan iklim. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, 6(2), 575–586.
[9] Khasanah, I.U. & Umar, M. (2019). Sea level rise of West Sumatra waters based on multi-satellite altimetry data. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 50(2), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.27328.
[10] Nabilah, F., Prasetyo, Y. & Sukmono, A. (2017). Analisis pengaruh fenomena El Nino dan La Nina terhadap curah hujan tahun 1998–2016 menggunakan indikator ONI (Oceanic Nino Index) (Studi kasus: Provinsi Jawa Barat). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 6(4), 402–412.
[11] Krisnanto, W.F., Sartimbul, A., Pranowo, W.S., Sari, S. H.J. & Setyawan, F.O. (2024). Studi eksperimen indeks El Niño Southern Oscillation & Indian Ocean Dipole di Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan Oceanic Niño Index dan Dipole Mode Index (Studi kasus: Tahun 2009–2020). Jurnal Chart Datum, 10(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.37875/chartdatum.v10i1.332.
[12] Varotsos, C.A., Tzanis, C.G. & Sarlis, N.V. (2016). On the progress of the 2015–2016 El Niño event. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(4), 2007–2011. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2007-2016.
[13] Yuda, I.W.A. (2020). Perbandingan dampak El Nino kuat 2015/16 dan 1997/98 terhadap curah hujan di Provinsi Bali – Indonesia. Megasains, 11(2), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.46824/megasains.v11i2.13.
[14] Haryo, J.D., Lizalidiawati, Irkhos & Suhendra. (2024). Variasi musiman sea level anomaly di wilayah perairan Indonesia. Jurnal Enggano, 9(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.9.2.200-207.
[15] Syamsudin, F., Kaneko, A. & Haidvogel, D.B. (2004). Numerical and observational estimates of Indian Ocean Kelvin wave intrusion into Lombok Strait. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(24), 1–4.
[16] Novita, M.G., Helmi, M., Widiaratih, R., Hariyadi, H. & Wirasatriya, A. (2021). Mengkaji area genangan banjir pasang terhadap penggunaan lahan pesisir tahun 2020 menggunakan metode geospasial di Kabupaten Pekalongan, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Indonesian Journal of Oceanography, 3(3), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v3i3.11449.
