CO2 Emission of Marine Transports in Batam - Singapore
Abstract
Global warming and air pollution have become one of the important issues to the entire world community. Exhaust emissions from ships has been contributing to the health problems and environmental damage. This study focuses on the Strait of Malacca area because it is one of the world’s most congested straits used for international shipping where located on the border among three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. This study will predict CO2 emission from the marine transport. This is accomplished by developed a ship database in the Straits of Malacca by using the data which obtained from Automatic Identification System (AIS). From the database, MEET methodology is used to estimate the CO2 emission from ships.
##Keywords:##
Automatic Identification System, CO2, Carbon Dioxide, Emission, Distribution.
Published
Sep 20, 2014
How to Cite
RASHIDI, M.; KOTO, Jaswar.
CO2 Emission of Marine Transports in Batam - Singapore.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 5-10, sep. 2014.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/478>. Date accessed: 02 may 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v11i1.478.
References
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2. IMO. 2009. Second IMO GHG Study 2009. International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4 Albert Embankments, London SE1 7SR Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
3. Jaswar, M. Rashidi, A. Maimun, 2013, “Tracking of ships navigation in the Strait of Malacca using automatic identification system”, Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources, Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-00124-4.
4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 1976. Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Exposure to Carbon Dioxide. August 1976.
5. Neftal, A., Oeschger, H., Schwander, J., Steuffer, B. and Zumbrunn, R., 1982. Ice core sample measurement gives atmospheric CO2 content over the past 40,000 yr. Nature, 1982, 295, 220–223.
6 .Nelson, L. 2000. Carbon Dioxide Poisoning. Emerg. Medicine 32(5):36-38. Summary of physiological effects and toxicology of CO2 on humans.
7. Robertson, D. S. 2006. Health effects of increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 12, 25 June 2006.
8. SJICL, 1998, Navigation Safety in the Strait of Malacca, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, pp.468–485.
9. Trozzi C. 2010. Update of Emission Estimate Methodology for Maritime Navigation, Techne Consulting report ETC.EF.10 DD, May 2010.
10. Vidal, J. 2007 "CO2 Output from Shipping Twice As Much As Airlines". The Guardian (London).
