Effect of Power and Mix Fuel Used Oil and Pertamina Dex on Exhaust Gas Emissions from Modified Diesel Engines
Abstract
Industrial growth and the increasing number of transportations cause the need for oil to increase. The increasing need for oil is directly proportional to the waste produced, namely used oil. Used oil waste can be a replacement fuel, which is produced quite large every year. This research used a mixture of used oil and Pertamina Dex used as a modified diesel engine fuel. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exhaust emissions produced by modified diesel engines. The research was conducted by varying the percentage of the mixture of used oil and Pertamina Dex, namely the percentage of a mixture of P10 (90% used oil and 10% Pertamina Dex), P20 (80% used oil and 20% Pertamina Dex) and P30 (70% used oil and 30% Pertamina Dex). Tests on the calorific value of fuel and exhaust emissions, which are varied based on the power load at idle (0 W), 1,000 W and 2,000 W. The test results showed that the calorific values of fuel P10, P20 and P30 were 44,191 kJ/Kg, 48,648 kJ/Kg and 50,074 kJ/Kg respectively. From this research it is known that the best fuel mixture of P30 with a loading power of 0 W, which emits a value of CO of 0.03%, CO2 of 2.32%, and HC of 34.86%. The results showed that the P10, P20 and P30 fuels met the exhaust emission quality standards according to the applicable regulations where the resulting opacity emissions did not exceed 40%.
##Keywords:##
Engine, Exhaust gas emission, Pertamina Dex, Used oil.
Published
Nov 30, 2025
How to Cite
SASMITA, Aryo; YOHANES, Yohanes; PRILIANTO, Danuardi Restu.
Effect of Power and Mix Fuel Used Oil and Pertamina Dex on Exhaust Gas Emissions from Modified Diesel Engines.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 69, n. 3, p. 207-211, nov. 2025.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/554>. Date accessed: 06 may 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v69i3.554.
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[2] Zhang, H., Gong, J., Ma, Y., Sun, W., Sun, K., & Bai, S. (2024). Investigation of the influence of lubricating oil viscosity on the wear-reducing characteristics of cylinder liner surface texture. Applied Sciences, 14(23), 10943. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310943.
[3] Armioni, D. M., Ionel, I., Ra?iu, S. A., & Gidali, A. (2025). Lubricants for internal combustion engines and transmission oils for hybrid vehicles: An overview. In M. Rackov, A. Miltenovi?, & M. Bani? (Eds.), Machine and Industrial Design in Mechanical Engineering (Vol. 174, pp. 890–899). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80512-7_87.
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[7] Arif, A., Hidayat, N., Purwanto, W., Setiawan, M. Y., & Masykur, M. (2021). Pengaruh penggunaan oli bekas sebagai bahan bakar terhadap SFC dan efisiensi termal mesin diesel. JMKN, 7(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.35308/jmkn.v7i1.3730.
[8] Momon, & Astuti, D. (2020). Strategi penurunan emisi gas buang kendaraan di Kota Padang. JKP, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.47441/jkp.v15i1.34.
[9] Dey, S., & Mehta, N. S. (2020). Automobile pollution control using catalysis. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2, 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2020.100006.
[10] Sasmita, A., Yohanes, Y., & Yolanda, K. (2022). Analisis emisi gas buang dari mesin diesel modifikasi dipengaruhi daya mesin dan bahan bakar campuran oli bekas dan Dexlite. St, 25(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.18196/st.v25i2.13748.
[11] Sasmita, A. (2022). Pengaruh campuran bahan bakar oli bekas dan biosolar terhadap emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel modifikasi. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Research Engineering, 2(2), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.57152/ijeere.v2i2.447.
[12] Ramalingam, K., et al. (2023). Substitution of diesel fuel in conventional compression ignition engine with waste biomass-based fuel and its validation using artificial neural networks. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 177, 1234–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.07.085.
[13] Dwi, A. (2022). Kenali 8 jenis BBM Pertamina beserta keunggulan dan kekurangannya. Tempo.co. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/kenali-8-jenis-bbm-pertamina-beserta-keunggulan-dan-kekurangannya-298101. Accessed: 19 February 2025.
[14] Kahangamage, U., Chen, K., Zhen, H., & Leung, C. (2024). Numerical investigation of combustion characteristics of hydrogen-enriched low calorific value landfill gas. Energy Reports, 12, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.06.008.
[15] Al-Shahrany, A. S., & Hassan, A. S. A. (2022). Influence of combustion chamber design parameters and intake environments on spark ignition engine performance and exhaust gas emission. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(6), 930–943. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2022.126064.
[16] Lu, T., Lu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, T., Liu, M., & Wang, H. (2021). Improving the fuel/air mixing and combustion process in a low-speed two-stroke engine by the IFA strategy under EGR atmosphere. Fuel, 302, 121200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121200.
[17] Kim, D., Son, Y., & Park, S. (2022). Effects of operating parameters on in-cylinder flow characteristics of an optically accessible engine with a spray-guided injector. Energy, 245, 123314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123314.
[18] Singh, D., et al. (2021). A comprehensive review of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and its use as fuel in compression ignition engines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307, 127299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127299.
[19] Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, Y., & Sun, J. (2024). Experimental study on high pressure injection characteristics of gas fuel. Energy Reports, 11, 2306–2315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.01.057.
[20] Kiang, Y.-H. (2018). Combustion process characterization for fuels, biomass, wastes, biosludge, and biocarbons. In Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization (pp. 265–312). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813473-3.00008-8.
[21] Lim, S., Park, J., Lee, J., Lee, D., & Oh, J. (2024). Carbon dioxide emission characteristics and operation condition optimization for ship engines. Applied Sciences, 14(14), 6134. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146134.
[22] Zhang, Z., et al. (2024). Hydrocarbon adsorption mechanism of modern automobile engines and methods of reducing hydrocarbon emissions during cold start process. Journal of Environmental Management, 353, 120188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120188.
[23] Ghany, F. A., et al. (2024). Study on the effect of high-concentration oxygen enrichment on engine performance and exhaust emissions using diesel fuel and palm biodiesel. Energies, 17(1), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010244.
[24] Majedi, F., Setiyaningrum, D., Hidayahtullah, S. M. T., & Abbas, A. (2020). Effects of injection pressure on output power, BTE, SFC and opacity in a typical single-cylinder diesel engine. AutoExp, 3(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.v3i1.3006.
[25] Setiyawan, A., et al. (2023). Diesel engine performance using Pertamina Dex and Biodiesel (B30) on RPM and fuel consumption. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1203(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1203/1/012010.
[26] Purwanto, A. J. (2021). Synchronizing Indonesia’s diesel fuel policy. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/paper/2021/01/24/synchronizing-indonesias-diesel-fuel-policy.html.
