Analysis of Electrical System Reliability for Premium Customer after Installation of Automatic Change Over Switch (ACOS) - A Case Study
Abstract
PLN is the electricity company that distributes electricity to customers, always tries to improve the quality of system reliability. So, it can continue to distribute electrical energy to customers and reduce the decline in Energy Not Supplied (ENS) on the PLN side. One way for PLN to avoid blackouts to the customers, especially premium customers, from planned or unplanned blackouts by installing an Automatic Change Over Switch (ACOS) on the incoming customer side. This paper aims to analysis of electrical system reliability for premium customers after Installation of Automatic Change Over Switch (ACOS). Data collection was carried out on the premium customer of 328 electricity distribution system supplied by the Senangin Feeder or Abadi Feeder from GI Garuda Sakti, Pekanbaru with a power transformer capacity at TD#4 of 60 MVA with a feeder length of 10.25 KMs using medium voltage cable channels, with a radial system. From the results of calculations carried out on the Senangin feeder, which supplies electrical energy to customers, the SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) index value was 71,647 outages/year in 2018 and SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) was 3.44 hours/year in 2018, while the Energy Not Supplied (ENS) value in 2018 was 33,781.83 kWh and 5,124.36 kWh in 2019.
##Keywords:##
Automatic Change Over Switch (ACOS), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), SAIDI, SAIFI, Senangin feeder.
Published
Mar 30, 2025
How to Cite
ARLENNY, Arlenny; PRATIWI, Dessy; SITUMEANG, Usaha.
Analysis of Electrical System Reliability for Premium Customer after Installation of Automatic Change Over Switch (ACOS) - A Case Study.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 69, n. 1, p. 65-74, mar. 2025.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/531>. Date accessed: 09 may 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v69i1.531.
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[2] Northcote-Green, J. & Wilson, R.G. (2017). Control and automation of electrical power distribution systems. CRC press.
[3] Wardhana, O.B. & Hidayat, R. (2023). Implementation of medium voltage automatic change over (aco-mv) device as power outage reduction for premium customers at pt pln (persero) up3 Kramat Jati, TEKNOKOM, 6(2), 96-103.
[4] Ullah, K., Basit, A., Ullah, Z., Aslam, S. & Herodotou, H. (2021). Automatic generation control strategies in conventional and modern power systems: A comprehensive overview. Energies, 14(9), 2376.
[5] Wirayanto, S.D., Arlenny, A. & Zondra, E. (2022). Sistem SCADA pada jaringan distribusi PT. PLN (Persero) UP2D Pekanbaru. Jurnal Teknik, 16(2), 123-129.
[6] Arlenny, Zondra, E. & Zulfahri (2019). Optimation of capacitor bank placement in electric network using genetic algorithm. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1351, No. 1, p. 012005). IOP Publishing.
[7] Mirsaeidi, S., Devkota, S., Wang, X., Tzelepis, D., Abbas, G., Alshahir, A. & He, J. (2022). A review on optimization objectives for power system operation improvement using FACTS devices. Energies, 16(1), 161.
[8] Arya, E.H., Maharmi, B. & Lutfi, M. (2022). Analysis of oil dielectric strength insulation on oil circuit breakers based on service life and operating frequency. Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace-science and engineering-, 66(2), 50-56.
[9] Devasahayam, V. & Veluchamy, M. (2017). An enhanced ACO and PSO based fault identification and rectification approaches for FACTS devices. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 27(8), e2344.
[10] Ajenikoko, G.A. & Oladepo, R.A. (2018). Impact of system average interruption duration index threshold on the reliability assessment of electrical power distribution systems. International Journal Electrical and Electronic Research, 6(2), 17-31.
[11] Sekhar, P.C., Deshpande, R.A. & Sankar, V. (2016, December). Evaluation and improvement of reliability indices of electrical power distribution system. In 2016 National Power Systems Conference (NPSC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[12] Ajenikoko, G.A., Ibukunoluwa, O.A., Shittu, A.M., Michael, I. & Mukhtar, Y. (2021). Application of System Reliability Indices in Electric Power System. J. Energy Technol. Policy, 11, 12-18.
[13] Igbogidi, O.N. & Amadi, H.N. Reliability assessment of power systems for optimal service delivery. Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering, 5(3).
[14] Clavijo-Blanco, J.A., González-Cagigal, M.A. & Rosendo-Macías, J.A. (2024). Statistical characterization of reliability indices in medium voltage networks using a Monte Carlo-based method. Electric Power Systems Research, 234, 110585.
[15] Nugraha, A., Felycia, F. & Suryana, A. (2023). Distribution Network System Reliability Index Study PLN North Banten in 2023. Fidelity: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 5(3), 201-205.
[16] IEEE Std 1366-2012, IEEE Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices.
[17] Qawaqzeh, M., Al_Issa, H.A., Buinyi, R., Bezruchko, V., Dikhtyaruk, I., Miroshnyk, O. & Nitsenko, V. (2023). The assess reduction of the expected energy not-supplied to consumers in medium voltage distribution systems after installing a sectionalizer in optimal place. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 34, 101035.
[18] Ghofrani-Jahromi, Z., Kazemi, M. & Ehsan, M. (2014). Distribution switches upgrade for loss reduction and reliability improvement. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 30(2), 684-692.
[19] Saboori, H., Hemmati, R. & Jirdehi, M.A. (2015). Reliability improvement in radial electrical distribution network by optimal planning of energy storage systems. Energy, 93, 2299-2312.
[20] Mishra, S., Das, D. & Paul, S. (2017). A comprehensive review on power distribution network reconfiguration. Energy Systems, 8, 227-284.
[21] Hassanzadeh, E., Hajiabadi, M.E., Samadi, M. & Lotfi, H. (2023). Improving the resilience of the distribution system using the automation of network switches. The Journal of Engineering, 2023(2), e12238.
[22] Mansouri, S.A., Nematbakhsh, E., Javadi, M.S., Jordehi, A.R., Shafie-khah, M. & Catalão, J.P. (2021, September). Resilience enhancement via automatic switching considering direct load control program and energy storage systems. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2021 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[23] Qawaqzeh, M., Al_Issa, H.A., Buinyi, R., Bezruchko, V., Dikhtyaruk, I., Miroshnyk, O. & Nitsenko, V. (2023). The assess reduction of the expected energy not-supplied to consumers in medium voltage distribution systems after installing a sectionalizer in optimal place. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 34, 101035.
[24] Marcos, F.P., Domingo, C.M. & San Román, T.G. (2022). Improving distribution network resilience through automation, distributed energy resources, and undergrounding. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 141, 108116.
[25] Sullivan,, R.L. (2012). Power system planning. McGraw-Hill Education
[26] Mahdavi, M., Alhelou, H. H., Hatziargyriou, N.D. & Jurado, F. (2021). Reconfiguration of electric power distribution systems: Comprehensive review and classification. IEEE Access, 9, 118502-118527.
[27] Hosseini, S.E., Ahmarinejad, A., Tabrizian, M. & Bidgoli, M.A. (2022). Resilience enhancement of integrated electricity-gas-heating networks through automatic switching in the presence of energy storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage, 47, 103662.
[28] Petrov, K.V., Popov, A.I., Goryachevsky, I.A., Piskunov, S.A., Ulyanov, D.N. & Yudin, I.N. (2020, October). Distributing Network Automation to Increase the Reliability Power Supply to Consumers. In 2020 3rd International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA) (pp. 1-16). IEEE.
[29] Heidari, A., Agelidis, V.G., Kia, M., Pou, J., Aghaei, J., Shafie-Khah, M. & Catalão, J.P. (2016). Reliability optimization of automated distribution networks with probability customer interruption cost model in the presence of DG units. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(1), 305-315.
[30] Brown, R.E. (2017). Electric power distribution reliability. CRC press.
[31] Kariuki, K.K. & Allan, R.N. (1996). Factors affecting customer outage costs due to electric service interruptions. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 143(6), 521-528.
[32] Salman, H.M., Pasupuleti, J, & Sabry, A.H. (2023). Review on causes of power outages and their occurrence: Mitigation strategies. Sustainability, 15(20), 15001.
[33] PLN (2014). Customer Service Book. Premium PLN.
[34] Arlenny (2008). Optimization of sectionalizer placement in PT CPI's 13.8 kV distribution network to increase reliability with reliability index assessment. Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya.
