Enhancing ASTM B424 UNS N08825 Long Seam Weld Liner Material with Annealing Quenching Techniques in the Cladding Process on the Surface of Steel Pipes
Abstract
The use of cladding methods in manufacturing corrosion-resistant pipes is crucial for industries such as oil and gas, chemical plants, and pressure vessel manufacturing. This study focuses on ASTM B424 UNS N08825, a corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) to be used as the surface layer for steel pipes. The cladding method involves forming CRA sheets into longitudinal pipes, followed by welding the joints, annealing, and rapid cooling before high process expansion to surface layer the steel pipes. At a temperature of 930-990°C, the annealing process aims to reduce stress and improve material properties, followed by rapid cooling to stabilize the microstructure. Various tests were conducted on the CRA liner pipes with or without annealing and quenching, including tensile testing, hardness testing, chemical composition analysis, and microstructure examination. The results showed that the material's ultimate tensile strength and hardness significantly increased after the treatment, with better uniformity in the microstructure. This study concludes that annealing and rapid cooling enhance the mechanical properties and stability of ASTM B424 UNS N08825, allowing the cladding process on steel pipe surfaces to be performed flawlessly and making it suitable for high-performance applications in corrosive environments.
References
[2] World Corrosion Organization, “Corrosion Costs and the Future,” https://corrosion.org/Corrosion+Resources/Publications.html. Accessed on 30 June 2024
[3] S. Feng et al., “New insight of the enhanced oxidation resistance of T91 steel in 450 °C liquid lead-bismuth eutectic by adding Al and Si element,” J Mater Sci Technol, vol. 204, pp. 29–46, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.033.
[4] W. Sun, Y. Lv, J. Gao, Q. Feng, B. Jia, and F. Ma, “Highly conductive and corrosion-resistant NbN coatings on Ti bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,” J Mater Sci Technol, vol. 210, pp. 86–96, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.05.038.
[5] S. Ma, X. Yang, L. Fu, and A. Shan, “Achieving High Strength-Ductility Synergy in Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy via a Quenching-Aging-Tempering Heat Treatment,” Mater Lett, vol. 333, p. 133661, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.133661.
[6] K. Kishore, “Clad Linepipe to combat the Corrosion in Pipelines,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 50–54, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2018.3008.
[7] API MONOGRAM PROGRAM, “CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe,” Sep. 2015. Accessed: Jun. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.api.org/~/media/files/publications/whats%20new/5ld_e4%20pa.pdf.
[8] M. Brennan and R. Gassmann, “Laser Cladding of Nickel and Iron Base Alloys on Boiler Waterwall Panels and Tubes,” Corrosion, 2000, [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:136712552, accessed on 25 June 2024
[9] H. Ilstad, H. Nes, and G. Endal, Strengthening Effect From Steel Pipe Cladding in Pure Bending. 2006. doi: 10.1115/OMAE2006-92524.
[10] L. Jemblie, V. Olden, P. Mainçon, and O. M. Akselsen, “Cohesive zone modelling of hydrogen induced cracking on the interface of clad steel pipes,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 47, pp. 28622–28634, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.051.
[11] Corrosion Resistant Alloys, “What Are Corrosion Resistant Alloys?,” https://www.cralloys.com/portfolio/what-are-cras/. Accessed on 30 June 2024
[12] A. M. Inc. Engineering Department, “What Is the Difference Between Cladding and Overlay?”, accessed on 27 June 2024
[13] T. Han, K. Zhou, Z. Chen, and Y. Gao, “Research Progress on Laser Cladding Alloying and Composite Processing of Steel Materials,” Metals, vol. 12, no. 12. MDPI, Dec. 01, 2022. doi: 10.3390/met12122055.
[14] M. K. Saha and S. Das, “A Review on Different Cladding Techniques Employed to Resist Corrosion,” Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, vol. 86, no. 1–2, p. 51, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.22485/jaei/2016/v86/i1-2/119847.
[15] Steel Tube India, “Incoloy 825 Plate,” https://www.steeltubesindia.net/incoloy-825-plate-sheet.html. Accessed on 30 June 2024
[16] L. F. Jeffus, Welding and metal fabrication. Delmar, 2012.
[17] P. Trihutomo, “Pengaruh Proses Annealing Pada Hasil Pengelasan Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Karbon Rendah,” 2014.
[18] L. Li et al., “Strengthening and Toughening of the Co34Cr32Ni27Al3.5Ti3.5 Alloy Through Coherent L12 Nanoprecipitates,” Adv Eng Mater, vol. 26, no. 10, 2024, doi: 10.1002/adem.202302111.
[19] M. Naumochkin, G. H. Park, K. Nielsch, and H. Reith, “Study of the Annealing Effects of Sputtered Bi2Te3 Thin Films with Full Thermoelectric Figure of Merit Characterization,” Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 4, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1002/pssr.202100533.
[20] Optessa, “Annealing Definition in Manufacturing,” https://www.optessa.com/annealing-definition/, accessed on 18 June 2024
[21] Z. Wang et al., “On the kinetics of gamma prime (?’) precipitation and its strengthening mechanism in Alloy 617 during a long-term thermal aging,” Materialia (Oxf), vol. 11, p. 100682, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100682.
[22] Nco ~-Nickel, “Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steels At Ambient Temperatures-Mechanical And Physical Properties A Practical Guide To The Use Of Nickel-Containing Alloys N O 2978.” [Online]. Available: www.nickelinstitute.org. Accessed on 30 June 2024.












