Percentage Area Reduction of Uncut Fibre of Drilling Pineapple Leaf Fibres Reinforced Composites with Peck Drilling Canned Cycle Method
Abstract
The effectiveness of utilizing the peck drilling canned cycle to minimize hole delamination has been demonstrated. However, its potential to reduce uncut fiber resulting from fiber fracture and pull-out has not been fully recognized, particularly in drilling natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of this established method and compared it with the conventional drilling approach using a stepped geometry drill bit, which is purported to minimize hole delamination and, consequently, reduce uncut fiber. A series of hole-making processes were carried out according to a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental plan. Different feed movements were employed to elicit responses, specifically the extent of uncut fiber area. The findings indicate that employing the established method could reduce uncut fibers by approximately 18.6%, representing a 2% enhancement compared to the alternative approach. Hence, the peck drilling canned cycle strategy offers a promising and cost-effective alternative to using specialized drill bits or high-performance cutting tools.
##Keywords:##
Hole-making process, Peck drilling canned cycle, Uncut fibre, Pineapple leaf fibres.
Published
Mar 30, 2024
How to Cite
MULYADI, Ismet Hari et al.
Percentage Area Reduction of Uncut Fibre of Drilling Pineapple Leaf Fibres Reinforced Composites with Peck Drilling Canned Cycle Method.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 68, n. 1, p. 9-16, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/361>. Date accessed: 22 may 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v68i1.361.
References
[1] Pereira, A.B. & Fernandes, F.A. (2019). Introductory Chapter: The Importance of Composites in the World. In Renewable and Sustainable Composites. IntechOpen, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.89427.
[2] Amaechi, C.V., Agbomerie, C.O., Orok, E.O. & Ye, J. (2020). Economic aspects of fiber reinforced polymer composite recycling. Encyclopedia of renewable and sustainable materials, 377-397. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10738-6.
[3] Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA) (2021). Composite Materials: Types of Composites and Applications, in https://atira.in/composite-materials-guide/ (accessed Aug. 10, 2023).
[4] Aimplas (2022). Types of composite materials, https://www.aimplas.net/blog/types-of-composite-materials/ (accessed Sep. 15, 2023).
[5] Joshi, S.V., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K. & Arora, S. (2004). Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites?. Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing, 35(3), 371-376. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.016.
[6] Ticoalu, A., Aravinthan, T. & Cardona, F. (2010). A review of current development in natural fiber composites for structural and infrastructure applications. In Proceedings of the southern region engineering conference (SREC 2010). Incorporating the 17th Annual International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice, M2VIP 2010, 113-117.
[7] Wambua, P., Ivens, J. & Verpoest, I. (2003). Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics?. Composites science and technology, 63(9), 1259-1264. doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4.
[8] Ayensu, A. (2000). Interfacial debonding of natural-fibre reinforced composites. Science Vision, 6(1), 25-33.
[9] Verma, D., Gope, P.C., Shandilya, A., Gupta, A. & Maheshwari, M.K. (2013). Coir fibre reinforcement and application in polymer composites. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 263-276.
[10] Saheb, D.N. & Jog, J.P. (1999). Natural fiber polymer composites: a review. Advances in Polymer Technology: Journal of the Polymer Processing Institute, 18(4), 351-363. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X.
[11] Lotfi, A., Li, H., Dao, D.V. & Prusty, G. (2021). Natural fiber–reinforced composites: A review on material, manufacturing, and machinability. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 34(2), 238-284. doi: 10.1177/0892705719844546.
[12] Faruk, O., Bledzki, A.K., Fink, H.P. & Sain, M. (2014). Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 299(1), 9-26. doi: 10.1002/mame.201300008.
[13] Mishra, S., Misra, M., Tripathy, S.S., Nayak, S.K. & Mohanty, A.K. (2001). Potentiality of pineapple leaf fibre as reinforcement in PALF-polyester composite: Surface modification and mechanical performance. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 20(4), 321-334. doi: 10.1177/073168401772678779.
[14] Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.K., Drzal, L.T., Misra, M. & Hinrichsen, G. (2004). A review on pineapple leaf fibers, sisal fibers and their biocomposites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 289(11), 955-974. doi: 10.1002/mame.200400132.
[15] Zhang, K., Wang, K., Liu, Z. & Xu, X. (2020). Strain rate of metal deformation in the machining process from a fluid flow perspective. Applied Sciences, 10(9), 3057. doi: 10.3390/app10093057.
[16] Sun, X., Yao, P., Qu, S., Yu, S., Zhang, X., Wang, W. et al. (2022). Material properties and machining characteristics under high strain rate in ultra-precision and ultra-high-speed machining process: A review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120(11-12), 7011-7042. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-09111-5.
[17] Jaiswal, A.P. & Park, H.W. (2022). Experimental and analytical examination of multidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced polymers for uncut fibers and their distributions during drilling. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 123(3-4), 1323-1339. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-10215-1.
[18] Jabbaripour, B., Ansari, M.J. & Taheri, A. (2021). Investigating delamination, uncut fibers, tolerances and surface topography in high speed Drilling of Polypropylene Composite Reinforced with carbon fibers and calcium carbonate Nano-particles. International Journal of Material Forming, 14(6), 1417-1437., doi: 10.1007/s12289-021-01639-3.
[19] Tran, Q.P., Tsai, M.C., Hsiao, T.C. & Huang, S.C. (2020). Experimental influence of twist angle and cryogenic gas on quality of drilled hole in carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. Measurement and Control, 53(5-6), 943-953. doi: 10.1177/0020294020903323.
[20] Malik, K., Ahmad, F., Keong, W.T. & Gunister, E. (2022). The effects of drilling parameters on thrust force, temperature and hole quality of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 30, 09673911221131113. doi: 10.1177/09673911221131113.
[21] Kwon, B.C., Mai, N.D.D., Cheon, E.S. & Ko, S.L. (2020). Development of a step drill for minimization of delamination and uncut in drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 1291-1301. doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-04423-5.
[22] Eltaggaz, A. & Deiab, I. (2019). Comparison of between direct and peck drilling for large aspect ratio in Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102, 2797-2805. doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-03314-z.
[23] Kentli, A. (2011). Experimental study on peck drilling of GFRP and prediction of drilling-induced damage using ANN. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(7), 1546-1554. doi: 10.5897/SRE10.663.
[24] Phapale, K., Singh, R. & Singh, R.K.P. (2020). Comparative assessment of delamination control techniques in conventional drilling of CFRP. Procedia Manufacturing, 48, 123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.028.
[25] Tamura, S. & Matsumura, T. (2021). Delamination-free drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with variable feed rate. Precision Engineering, 70, 70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.01.003.
[26] Brandon Fowler (2023), G83 CNC Code Explained: An Easy Intro for Beginners [Peck Drilling]. Machinistguides, https://www.machinistguides.com/g83-code/.
[27] Stephen Allwright (2003). Good R-Squared value. https://stephenallwright.com/good-r-squared-value/ (accessed July, 12, 2023).
[28] Jagadeesh, P., Rangappa, S.M., Suyambulingam, I., Siengchin, S., Puttegowda, M., Binoj, J.S., et al. (2023). Drilling characteristics and properties analysis of fiber reinforced polymer composites: A comprehensive review. Heliyon, 9(3), e14428, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14428.
[29] Pervaiz, S., Kannan, S., Huo, D. & Mamidala, R. (2020). Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 111, 2127-2153. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-06203-y.
[30] Hocheng, H. & Tsao, C. C. (2006). Effects of special drill bits on drilling-induced delamination of composite materials. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46(12-13), 1403-1416. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.10.004.
[31] Bajpai, P.K., & Singh, I. (2013). Drilling behavior of sisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite laminates. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 32(20), 1569-1576. doi: 10.1177/0731684413492866.
[32] Boughdiri, I., Giasin, K., Mabrouki, T. & Zitoune, R. (2021). Effect of cutting parameters on thrust force, torque, hole quality and dust generation during drilling of GLARE 2B laminates. Composite Structures, 261, 113562. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113562.
[33] Bolat, Ç., Karak?l?nç, U., Yalç?n, B., Öz, Y., Yava?, Ç., Ergene, B., et al. (2023). Effect of drilling parameters and tool geometry on the thrust force and surface roughness of aerospace grade laminate composites. Micromachines, 14(7), 1427. doi: 10.3390/mi14071427.
[34] Mahdi, A., Turki, Y., Habak, M., Salem, M. & Bouaziz, Z. (2020). Experimental study of thrust force and surface quality when drilling hybrid stacks. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 107, 3981-3994. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05252-7.
[35] Uddin, M., Basak, A., Pramanik, A., Singh, S., Krolczyk, G.M. & Prakash, C. (2018). Evaluating hole quality in drilling of Al 6061 alloys. Materials, 11(12), 2443. doi: 10.3390/ma11122443.
[36] Ramesh, M., Palanikumar, K. & Reddy, K.H. (2014). Experimental investigation and analysis of machining characteristics in drilling hybrid glass-sisal-jute fiber reinforced polymer composites. In 5th international & 26th all india manufacturing technology, design and research conference AIMTDR. 461-1: 461-6.
[37] DIYDATA (2023). Drillbits - the different types. https://www.diydata.com/tool/drillbits/drillbits.php (accessed May 24, 2023).
[38] Nau, R. (2020). Statistical forecasting: notes on regression and time series analysis. https://people.duke.edu/~rnau/rsquared.htm (accessed July 12, 2023).
[39] In the Loupe (2017). Overcoming Composite Holemaking Challenge. Machinist Blog, https://www.harveyperformance.com/in-the-loupe/composite-holemaking-challenges/.
[2] Amaechi, C.V., Agbomerie, C.O., Orok, E.O. & Ye, J. (2020). Economic aspects of fiber reinforced polymer composite recycling. Encyclopedia of renewable and sustainable materials, 377-397. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10738-6.
[3] Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA) (2021). Composite Materials: Types of Composites and Applications, in https://atira.in/composite-materials-guide/ (accessed Aug. 10, 2023).
[4] Aimplas (2022). Types of composite materials, https://www.aimplas.net/blog/types-of-composite-materials/ (accessed Sep. 15, 2023).
[5] Joshi, S.V., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K. & Arora, S. (2004). Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites?. Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing, 35(3), 371-376. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.016.
[6] Ticoalu, A., Aravinthan, T. & Cardona, F. (2010). A review of current development in natural fiber composites for structural and infrastructure applications. In Proceedings of the southern region engineering conference (SREC 2010). Incorporating the 17th Annual International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice, M2VIP 2010, 113-117.
[7] Wambua, P., Ivens, J. & Verpoest, I. (2003). Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics?. Composites science and technology, 63(9), 1259-1264. doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4.
[8] Ayensu, A. (2000). Interfacial debonding of natural-fibre reinforced composites. Science Vision, 6(1), 25-33.
[9] Verma, D., Gope, P.C., Shandilya, A., Gupta, A. & Maheshwari, M.K. (2013). Coir fibre reinforcement and application in polymer composites. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 263-276.
[10] Saheb, D.N. & Jog, J.P. (1999). Natural fiber polymer composites: a review. Advances in Polymer Technology: Journal of the Polymer Processing Institute, 18(4), 351-363. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X.
[11] Lotfi, A., Li, H., Dao, D.V. & Prusty, G. (2021). Natural fiber–reinforced composites: A review on material, manufacturing, and machinability. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 34(2), 238-284. doi: 10.1177/0892705719844546.
[12] Faruk, O., Bledzki, A.K., Fink, H.P. & Sain, M. (2014). Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 299(1), 9-26. doi: 10.1002/mame.201300008.
[13] Mishra, S., Misra, M., Tripathy, S.S., Nayak, S.K. & Mohanty, A.K. (2001). Potentiality of pineapple leaf fibre as reinforcement in PALF-polyester composite: Surface modification and mechanical performance. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 20(4), 321-334. doi: 10.1177/073168401772678779.
[14] Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.K., Drzal, L.T., Misra, M. & Hinrichsen, G. (2004). A review on pineapple leaf fibers, sisal fibers and their biocomposites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 289(11), 955-974. doi: 10.1002/mame.200400132.
[15] Zhang, K., Wang, K., Liu, Z. & Xu, X. (2020). Strain rate of metal deformation in the machining process from a fluid flow perspective. Applied Sciences, 10(9), 3057. doi: 10.3390/app10093057.
[16] Sun, X., Yao, P., Qu, S., Yu, S., Zhang, X., Wang, W. et al. (2022). Material properties and machining characteristics under high strain rate in ultra-precision and ultra-high-speed machining process: A review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120(11-12), 7011-7042. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-09111-5.
[17] Jaiswal, A.P. & Park, H.W. (2022). Experimental and analytical examination of multidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced polymers for uncut fibers and their distributions during drilling. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 123(3-4), 1323-1339. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-10215-1.
[18] Jabbaripour, B., Ansari, M.J. & Taheri, A. (2021). Investigating delamination, uncut fibers, tolerances and surface topography in high speed Drilling of Polypropylene Composite Reinforced with carbon fibers and calcium carbonate Nano-particles. International Journal of Material Forming, 14(6), 1417-1437., doi: 10.1007/s12289-021-01639-3.
[19] Tran, Q.P., Tsai, M.C., Hsiao, T.C. & Huang, S.C. (2020). Experimental influence of twist angle and cryogenic gas on quality of drilled hole in carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. Measurement and Control, 53(5-6), 943-953. doi: 10.1177/0020294020903323.
[20] Malik, K., Ahmad, F., Keong, W.T. & Gunister, E. (2022). The effects of drilling parameters on thrust force, temperature and hole quality of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 30, 09673911221131113. doi: 10.1177/09673911221131113.
[21] Kwon, B.C., Mai, N.D.D., Cheon, E.S. & Ko, S.L. (2020). Development of a step drill for minimization of delamination and uncut in drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 1291-1301. doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-04423-5.
[22] Eltaggaz, A. & Deiab, I. (2019). Comparison of between direct and peck drilling for large aspect ratio in Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102, 2797-2805. doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-03314-z.
[23] Kentli, A. (2011). Experimental study on peck drilling of GFRP and prediction of drilling-induced damage using ANN. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(7), 1546-1554. doi: 10.5897/SRE10.663.
[24] Phapale, K., Singh, R. & Singh, R.K.P. (2020). Comparative assessment of delamination control techniques in conventional drilling of CFRP. Procedia Manufacturing, 48, 123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.028.
[25] Tamura, S. & Matsumura, T. (2021). Delamination-free drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with variable feed rate. Precision Engineering, 70, 70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.01.003.
[26] Brandon Fowler (2023), G83 CNC Code Explained: An Easy Intro for Beginners [Peck Drilling]. Machinistguides, https://www.machinistguides.com/g83-code/.
[27] Stephen Allwright (2003). Good R-Squared value. https://stephenallwright.com/good-r-squared-value/ (accessed July, 12, 2023).
[28] Jagadeesh, P., Rangappa, S.M., Suyambulingam, I., Siengchin, S., Puttegowda, M., Binoj, J.S., et al. (2023). Drilling characteristics and properties analysis of fiber reinforced polymer composites: A comprehensive review. Heliyon, 9(3), e14428, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14428.
[29] Pervaiz, S., Kannan, S., Huo, D. & Mamidala, R. (2020). Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 111, 2127-2153. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-06203-y.
[30] Hocheng, H. & Tsao, C. C. (2006). Effects of special drill bits on drilling-induced delamination of composite materials. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46(12-13), 1403-1416. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.10.004.
[31] Bajpai, P.K., & Singh, I. (2013). Drilling behavior of sisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite laminates. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 32(20), 1569-1576. doi: 10.1177/0731684413492866.
[32] Boughdiri, I., Giasin, K., Mabrouki, T. & Zitoune, R. (2021). Effect of cutting parameters on thrust force, torque, hole quality and dust generation during drilling of GLARE 2B laminates. Composite Structures, 261, 113562. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113562.
[33] Bolat, Ç., Karak?l?nç, U., Yalç?n, B., Öz, Y., Yava?, Ç., Ergene, B., et al. (2023). Effect of drilling parameters and tool geometry on the thrust force and surface roughness of aerospace grade laminate composites. Micromachines, 14(7), 1427. doi: 10.3390/mi14071427.
[34] Mahdi, A., Turki, Y., Habak, M., Salem, M. & Bouaziz, Z. (2020). Experimental study of thrust force and surface quality when drilling hybrid stacks. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 107, 3981-3994. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05252-7.
[35] Uddin, M., Basak, A., Pramanik, A., Singh, S., Krolczyk, G.M. & Prakash, C. (2018). Evaluating hole quality in drilling of Al 6061 alloys. Materials, 11(12), 2443. doi: 10.3390/ma11122443.
[36] Ramesh, M., Palanikumar, K. & Reddy, K.H. (2014). Experimental investigation and analysis of machining characteristics in drilling hybrid glass-sisal-jute fiber reinforced polymer composites. In 5th international & 26th all india manufacturing technology, design and research conference AIMTDR. 461-1: 461-6.
[37] DIYDATA (2023). Drillbits - the different types. https://www.diydata.com/tool/drillbits/drillbits.php (accessed May 24, 2023).
[38] Nau, R. (2020). Statistical forecasting: notes on regression and time series analysis. https://people.duke.edu/~rnau/rsquared.htm (accessed July 12, 2023).
[39] In the Loupe (2017). Overcoming Composite Holemaking Challenge. Machinist Blog, https://www.harveyperformance.com/in-the-loupe/composite-holemaking-challenges/.
