Analysis of Current and Electrode Types on Welding Defects in ASTM A36 Mild Steel
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the welding defects that occurring in the SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) process. This study used experimental method to investigate the various types of electrodes and welding current. The welding process in this study used ASTM A36 low carbon steel with specimen dimensions of 8 mm thick, 80 mm wide, and 100 mm long. The welding process was carried out in an underhand position (1G) using a V-seam layer with a SMAW welding machine, which a sliding adaptive two axis system with speed control. The types of electrodes used were E6013 and E7018 electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm. The current variations used 90 A, 105 A and 120 A. The test methods used the Penetrant Test, Visual Test (Non Destructive Test) and Tensile Test (Destructive Test). The results of this study were: 1) the welding defects that often occurring at the E6013 electrode due to undercut and at the E7018 electrode caused by the porosity, 2) at a current of 120 A the occurrence of welding defects was minimal, and 3) the tensile strength of E7018 was greater than E6013.
##Keywords:##
Current, Electrode, SMAW, Welding Defects
Published
Nov 30, 2022
How to Cite
HERISISWANTO, Herisiswanto; YOHANES, Yohanes; HAFISUDDIN, Khoirul.
Analysis of Current and Electrode Types on Welding Defects in ASTM A36 Mild Steel.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 66, n. 3, p. 110-115, nov. 2022.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/303>. Date accessed: 19 aug. 2024.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v66i3.303.
References
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[2] Gery, D., Long, H. & Maropoulos, P. (2005). Effects of welding speed, energy input and heat source distribution on temperature variations in butt joint welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 167, 393-401. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.018.
[3] Saraev, Y.N., Lunev, A.G., Semenchuk, V.M. et al. (2020). Heat and mass transfer kinetics in arc welding process, Russia Physic Journal, 62, 1573-1579. doi: 10.1007/s11182-020-01878-y.
[4] Nusbir, Y. & Sianipar, A. (2018). Experimental effect of angle variation and speed welding filler using vertical adaptive sliding system in SMAW welding, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -Science and Engineering-, 59(1), 1-5.
[5] Sumardiyanto, D. & Susilowati, S.E. (2019). Effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties of low carbon steel API 5L shielded metal arc welds, American Journal of Materials Science, 9(1), 15-21. doi: 10.5923/j.materials.20190901.03.
[6] Kumar, S. & Singh, R. (2019). Investigation of tensile properties of shielded metal arc weldments of AISI 1018 mild steel with preheating process, Materials Today: Proceedings, 26. 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.10.167.
[7] Tong, L.G., Wang, L. & Yin, S.W. (2015). Influences of deposited metal material parameters on weld pool geometry during shield metal arc welding, International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, 90(2), 968-978.
[8] Zhang, X., Yao F, Ren Z, Yu H. (2018). Effect of Welding Current on Weld Formation, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties in Resistance Spot Welding of CR590T/340Y Galvanized Dual Phase Steel, Materials (Basel). 11(11):2310. doi: 10.3390/ma11112310. PMID: 30453641; PMCID: PMC6265945.
[9] Liu, X., Lan, S. & Ni, J. (2015). Electrically assisted friction stir welding for joining Al 6061 to TRIP 780 steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 219, 112-123.
[10] Jasman, J., Irzal, I. & Pebrian, P. (2018). Effect of strong welding flow on the violence of low carbon steel results of SMAW welding with electrodes 7018, Teknomekanik, 1(1), 24-31.
[11] Mandal, N.R. (2017). Welding defects. In Ship Construction and Welding (pp. 283-292). Springer, Singapore.
[12] Kah, P., Rajan, R., Martikainen, J. & Suoranta, R. (2015). Investigation of weld defects in friction-stir welding and fusion welding of aluminium alloys, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 10(1), 1-10.
[13] Pratomo, M.A., Jasman, J., Erizon, N. & Fernanda, Y. (2020). The variation effect of electric current toward tensile strength on low carbon steel welding with electrode E7018, Teknomekanik, 3(1), 9-16.
[14] Haider, S.F., Quazi, M.M., Bhatti, J., Bashir, M.N. & Ali, I. (2019). Effect of shielded metal arc welding (smaw) parameters on mechanical properties of low-carbon, mild and stainless-steel welded joints: A review, Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research, 5(5), 191-198.
[15] Yadav, A.K., Kumar, A., Singh, C.P.N., Singh, A.K. & Nand, M.S. (2020). Studies on impact of welding parameters on angular distortion and mechanical properties of structural steel welded by SMAW, International Research Journal Modern Engineering Technology Science, 2(5), 445-459.
[16] Gowthaman, P.S., Muthukumaran, P., Gowthaman, J. & Arun, C. (2017). Review on mechanical characteristics of 304 stainless steel using SMAW welding, MASK International Journal Science Technology, 2(2), 33-37.
[17] Chen, X., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Liu, J., Yan, Y. & Zhai, J. (2022). Effect of welding current and welding time on nugget size in RSW, In ICETIS 2022; 7th International Conference on Electronic Technology and Information Science (pp. 1-4).
[18] Yohanes, Y. & Harahap, M. (2018). Effects of electrode velocity variations and selection of electric current against quality welding results mild steel on SMAW welding, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -Science and Engineering-, 57(1), 12-16.
[19] Sihombing, S.M. 2021. Effect of Electrode Angle Variation and Reverse Polarity Current Strength on Shielded Metal Arc Welding Results. Thesis. Riau University.
[20] Shomad, M.A. & Mushfi, S.M. (2017). Analisis pengaruh variasi elektroda las e6013 dan e7018 terhadap kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan pada bahan baja ss 400, Dinamika Teknik Mesin, 7(2). 10.29303/d.v7i2.156.
[21] Srinivasan, S., Sundarababu, J. & Lakshmipathi, A.R. (2018). Experimentation and comparative study of E6013 and E7018 weldments using shielded metal arc welding, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 8, 169-174.
[22] Nassar, A.A., Lefta, R.M. & Abdulsada, M.J. (2018). Experimental study of the effect of welding electrode types on tensile properties of low carbon steel AISI1010, Kufa Journal of Engineering, 9(4).
