Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines
Abstract
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold around 28 degree Celsius ocean water and warm tropical surface waters around 6 degree Celsius. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are located on the equator region which has high potential to implement renewable OTEC technology. Indonesia has many potential locations to build OTEC, among them is in Sumatera Utara, Bali, Flores Sea, Makassar Strait. The OTEC is planned under General Plan of National Energy. The 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020) aims to manage the 1st Public-Funded OTEC project of Pulau Layang-Layang, Kuala Baram, Gemusut Kakap, and Pulau Bangi. Philippines as located at geographical position near the equator had passed the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 for OTEC project at Pangasinan, Zambales and Quezon.
##Keywords:##
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Published
Nov 8, 2018
How to Cite
KOTO, J et al.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines.
International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 20-25, nov. 2018.
ISSN 2502-3888.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/ijerce/article/view/94>. Date accessed: 25 may 2026.
Section
Articles
References
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15. S. Balakumar, C. Sathivel, 2014, Study of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plant, SSRG International Journal of Thermal Engineering (SSRG-IJTE), vol 1
16. Magesh R, 2010, OTEC Technology- A world of Clean Energy and Water. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010, World of Clean Energy and Water, London
17. Muralidharan, S, 2012, Assessment of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, MSc thesis System Design and Management Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February.
18. A.Bakar Jaafar, 2013, Framework on OTEC development in Malaysia, OTEC International Symposium Asia- Pacific Clean Energy Summit Honolulu 9-11 September 2013.
19. Bun Jian Ooi, Boon Cheong Chew, Choong Chien Khay, “Managing the Transition of Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy: Application of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion At Sabahâ€, International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, Volume 5, No. 1, Feb 2015
20. Mohd Fahmie, J.Koto, Nofrizal, A.Edu, U.Zulkarnain, 2018, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Layang-Layang and Kuala Baram, Malaysia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol.11 (1), pp.12-21.
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22. Economic Planning Unit, 2015. Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020 Anchoring Growth on People.
23. Mohd Fahmie Izuddeen Zali, 2018, Potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Malaysian Seas, Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
24. Achiruddin, D., K.Saito. and G.C. Nihous, Feasibility Study of OTEC Plants in Indonesia, Trans. Of the West Japan Soc of Naval Architects, No. 94, August 2010.
25. Donny Achiruddin, Strategy to Develop Indonesian Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Resources, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015
26. Adrian Rizki Sinuhaji, Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Bali, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015.
27. Fanny Octaviani, B. Muswar Muslim, C. Danny Faturachman and D. Ayom Buwono, 2016, Study of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Generation as Project of Power Plant in West Sumatera-Indonesia, International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development, Vol.10, pp.65-69.
28. Delyuzar Ilahude, 2016, Result of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Research in Indonesian Waters and The Future Planning Research Location in 2017, International Seminar of Ocean Energy, Bandung 8 December 2016
29. J.Koto, 2017, OTEC Solution of Issues at Outer and Remote Islands in Indonesia, Conference of Ocean, Mechanical & Aerospace –scientists & engineers, Padang, Indonesia.
30. Haruo Uehara, Dilao, C.O., Tsutomu Nakaoka, 1988, Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plants in the Philippines, Solar Energy; (USA); Journal Volume: 41:5
31. OTEC News, 2012, OTEC potential on the Philippines, September 15, 2012
2. Luis A. Vega, P.H.D, 1992, Economics of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), American society of civil engineers (ASCE)
3. L. a. Vega, 2002, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Primer," Marine Technology Society Journal, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 25-35, Dec.
4. Boehlert, G. W., and Gill, A. B., 2010. Environmental and Ecological Effects of Ocean Renewable Energy Development - A Current Synthesis. Oceanography, 23(2), 68–81.
5. Spellman, F. R., 2014. Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy. Taylor and Francis.
6. Aydin, Hakan, 2013, Performance Analysis of a closed –cycle OTEC System with Solar Preheating and Superheating, Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 163, 18-19
7. J. Koto, Adek Tasri, Insannul Kamil, Taufik, Dodi Sofyan Arief, Efiafrizal, 2017, Sea Temperatures Profiles for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Siberut-Mentawai, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, Journal of Subsea and Offshore -science and engineering-, Vol.11, pp.7-13.
8. Jaswar Koto, 2016, Potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol.4, pp.1-7.
9. Jaswar Koto, Adek Tasri, Insannul Kamil, Dodi Sofyan Arief, 2017, Potential of Solar-Wind-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Second Edition, March.
10. Jaswar Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Preliminary Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Siberut Island, West Sumatera, Indonesia, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-, Vol.6, pp.1-7.
11. Jaswar Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Morotai Island, North Maluku, Indonesia, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-, Vol.7, pp.1-7.
12. Jaswar Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-, Vol.8, pp.1-7,
13. Jaswar Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2017, Potential of 100 kW of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Karangkelong, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol.5, pp.1-10.
14. Jaswar Koto, 2017, Potential of Solar-Wind-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, March.
15. S. Balakumar, C. Sathivel, 2014, Study of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plant, SSRG International Journal of Thermal Engineering (SSRG-IJTE), vol 1
16. Magesh R, 2010, OTEC Technology- A world of Clean Energy and Water. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010, World of Clean Energy and Water, London
17. Muralidharan, S, 2012, Assessment of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, MSc thesis System Design and Management Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February.
18. A.Bakar Jaafar, 2013, Framework on OTEC development in Malaysia, OTEC International Symposium Asia- Pacific Clean Energy Summit Honolulu 9-11 September 2013.
19. Bun Jian Ooi, Boon Cheong Chew, Choong Chien Khay, “Managing the Transition of Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy: Application of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion At Sabahâ€, International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, Volume 5, No. 1, Feb 2015
20. Mohd Fahmie, J.Koto, Nofrizal, A.Edu, U.Zulkarnain, 2018, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Layang-Layang and Kuala Baram, Malaysia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol.11 (1), pp.12-21.
21. Wasiu Olalekan Idris, Nasri Bin Sulaiman, Mohd Zamri Bin Ibrahim, W.B. Wan nik, Fadhli Mohammad Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad Mohamad Ayob, 2014, Modeling Net Power of Sabah Trough and Its Effectiveness, Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy.
22. Economic Planning Unit, 2015. Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020 Anchoring Growth on People.
23. Mohd Fahmie Izuddeen Zali, 2018, Potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Malaysian Seas, Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
24. Achiruddin, D., K.Saito. and G.C. Nihous, Feasibility Study of OTEC Plants in Indonesia, Trans. Of the West Japan Soc of Naval Architects, No. 94, August 2010.
25. Donny Achiruddin, Strategy to Develop Indonesian Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Resources, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015
26. Adrian Rizki Sinuhaji, Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Bali, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015.
27. Fanny Octaviani, B. Muswar Muslim, C. Danny Faturachman and D. Ayom Buwono, 2016, Study of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Generation as Project of Power Plant in West Sumatera-Indonesia, International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development, Vol.10, pp.65-69.
28. Delyuzar Ilahude, 2016, Result of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Research in Indonesian Waters and The Future Planning Research Location in 2017, International Seminar of Ocean Energy, Bandung 8 December 2016
29. J.Koto, 2017, OTEC Solution of Issues at Outer and Remote Islands in Indonesia, Conference of Ocean, Mechanical & Aerospace –scientists & engineers, Padang, Indonesia.
30. Haruo Uehara, Dilao, C.O., Tsutomu Nakaoka, 1988, Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plants in the Philippines, Solar Energy; (USA); Journal Volume: 41:5
31. OTEC News, 2012, OTEC potential on the Philippines, September 15, 2012
