OTEC Strengthens and Sustains Indonesia's National Economic and Defense at 3T (Frontiers, Remotest & Outermost) Regions
-Case Study: 2 MW Pilot Plan at Siberut, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia-
Abstract
Indonesia is an equatorial country located at latitudes less than 20 degrees which is covered by 77 % ocean with thousand islands, strain and many difference of topography. Most of the islands are located closed by deep sea and the frontiers, remotest & outermost (3T) regions. Availability of fresh water, electricity, food, employment, education, defenses are still a critical and urgent issues in the 3T regions and must be addressed by the government. OTEC releases a large amount of warm sea water for evaporating and cold sea water for condensing ammonia to rotate the turbine. The discharge warm and cold sea water are potentially use for fisheries, agriculture, resort and hotel for tourism industries. This paper discussed on potential of OTEC for strengthening and sustaining Indonesia's National Economic and Defense at 3T (Frontiers, Remotest & Outermost) regions. As a case study 2 MW Pilot Plan at Siberut, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia. Beside generating electricity, It was founded that the 2MW OTEC has great benefits to proves drinking fresh water, opened opportunity for Fishery Industry and agriculture Industry, Equitable infrastructure development, development tourism Industry and strengthening Politic & Defense.
##Keywords:##
Siberut Island, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, Ocean Thermal Conversion Energy, Frontiers, Remotest & Outermost Regions
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Published
Jun 29, 2026
How to Cite
KOTO, Jaswar et al.
OTEC Strengthens and Sustains Indonesia's National Economic and Defense at 3T (Frontiers, Remotest & Outermost) Regions.
International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 1-22, june 2026.
ISSN 2502-3888.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/ijerce/article/view/618>. Date accessed: 16 july 2026.
Section
Articles
References
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2. J.Koto, 2016, Potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol.4, pp.1-7.
3. Koto J (2017) Potential of 100 KW Ocean Thermal Energy Convention In Indonesia, Proceeding of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE Meeting Spring). Tokyo, Japan, pp 763-767.
4. Achiruddin, D., K.Saito. and G.C. Nihous, “Feasibility Study of OTEC Plants in Indonesia”, Trans. Of the West Japan Society of Naval Architects, No. 94, August 1997
5. Donny Achiruddin, 2015, Strategy to Develop Indonesian Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Resources, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015.
6. Adrian Rizki Sinuhaji, Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Bali, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 2015.
7. A. Fanny Octaviani, B. Muswar Muslim, C. Danny Faturachman, D. Ayom Buwono, 2016, Study of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Generation as Project of Power Plant in West Sumatera-Indonesia, Vol.10, pp.65-69, International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development.
8. Delyuzar Ilahude, 2016, Result of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Research in Indonesian Waters and The Future Planning Research Location in 2017, International Seminar of Ocean Energy, Bandung 8 December 2016
9. J. Koto, Adek Tasri, Insannul Kamil, Taufik, Dodi Sofyan Arief, Efiafrizal, 2017, Sea Temperatures Profiles for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Siberut-Mentawai, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, Journal of Subsea and Offshore -science and engineering-, Vol.11, pp.7-13.
10. J.Koto, 2016, 2 MW Closed Cycle SWOTEC in Mentawai, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -Science and Engineering-, Vol.38.1, pp.13-19
11. J.Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Preliminary Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Siberut Island, West Sumatera, Indonesia, Vol.6, pp.1-7, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-.
12. J Koto, Dodi Sofyan Arief, Adek Tasri, Insannul Kamil, 2018, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol 12 No 1.
13. J.Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Morotai Island, North Maluku, Indonesia, Vol.7, pp.1-7, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-.
14. J.Koto, Ridho Bela Negara, 2016, Study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia, Vol.8, pp.1-7, Journal of Aeronautical -science and engineering-.
15. Jaswar, C. L. Siow, A. Maimun, C. Guedes Soares, 2013, Estimation of Electrical-Wave Power in Merang Shore, Terengganu, Malaysia, Jurnal Teknologi, Vol 66, No 2.
16. J Koto, Akhmad Fauzi, 2019, Vannamei Shrimp Cultivators using Discharge Warm Water of 2 MW OTEC in Siberut, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia, International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, Vol 13 No 1 (2019), pp-5-12.
17. Ristiyanto Adiputra , Tomoaki Utsunomiya, Jaswar Koto , Takeshi Yasunaga, Yasuyuki Ikegami, 2018, Floating Structure Design Optimization for a 100 MW-Net Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Power Plant Study case: Mentawai Island, Indonesia.
18. Kriteria Daerah Khusus (Terpencil, Darurat) dan Pemberian Tunjangan Khusus Bagi Guru – Permendikbud Nomor 34 Tahun 2012, https://www.salamedukasi.com
19. Makna Strategis Kawasan 3T, sindonews.com
20. Wikipedia, Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut kepadatan penduduk
21. Pemerintah Tetapkan 122 Daerah Tertinggal, Ini Daftarnya, https://nasional.kompas.com.
22. KKP revitalisasi 20.000 ha tambak udang di Pantura, https://industri.kontan.co.id
23. Jeremy Feakins, Ocean Thermal Energy’s Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC) Creates Clean, Efficient and Environmental Friendly Cooling, http://otecorporation
24. Nur AireenAmran, Jaswar Koto, Adi Maimun, 2015, Integration System of Automatic Identification System and Radar For Port Traffic Management, Jurnal Mekanikal, June 2015, Vol 38, 32-45.
25. J.Koto, M.Rashidi and A.Maimun, 2014. Tracking of ship navigation in the Strait of Malacca using automatic identification system, Development in maritime transportation and exploitation of sea resources.
26. Nur Aireen Amran, Jaswar Koto, 2016, Integrated Port Traffic Management using Automatic Identification System and Radar, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace
27. -Science and Engineering-, Vol.28, No.1, pp.25-29.
28. Jaswar Koto, Nur Aireen Amran, 2016, Development of Automatic Identification System in Strait of Batam-Singapore, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -Science and Engineering-, Vol.29, No.1, pp.16-19.
