Integrated IoT-Based Fire Prevention and Evacuation System for High-Rise Buildings
Abstract
Conventional fire protection systems, characterized by low installation costs, often lack the sophistication to provide optimal protection, especially in high-rise buildings. This study aims to refine the operational productivity concerning fire prevention and evacuation by embracing a detailed fire safety framework that leverages Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. This prototype integrates SMS and phone call alerts to facilitate timely response in case of fire detection. The system utilizes three key sensors: a KY-026 flame sensor module, an MQ-2 gas and gas sensor, and an LM35 temperature sensor. Testing results indicate significant sensor value variations between normal and fire conditions. The KY-026 flame sensor module, for instance, exhibited an average reading of 137.3 under normal conditions and 895.2 during fire detection. Similarly, the MQ-2 sensor recorded 1234.7 ppm and 4237.8 ppm, respectively. The LM35 temperature sensor measured 28.34°C and 48.46°C under normal and high-temperature conditions. Despite the sensors showcasing commendable efficacy, they displayed a minor error margin fluctuating between 0.04% and 1.08%.
##Keywords:##
Fire protection, KY-026 flame sensor, MQ-2 Sensor, LM 35 temperature sensor.
Published
Dec 11, 2024
How to Cite
MAHARMI, Benriwati et al.
Integrated IoT-Based Fire Prevention and Evacuation System for High-Rise Buildings.
Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering-, [S.l.], v. 68, n. 3, p. 161-168, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2527-6085.
Available at: <https://isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/383>. Date accessed: 19 mar. 2025.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v68i3.383.
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[2] Hwang, J., Kang, C.H., Kim, Y. & Rho, S.G. (2020). Fire extinguishing system and temperature profile in confined space. Sensors and Materials, 32.
[3] Khan, F., Xu, Z., Sun, J., Khan, F.M., Ahmed, A. & Zhao, Y. (2022). Recent advances in sensors for fire detection. Sensors, 22(9), 3310.
[4] Park, J. & Kim, J. (2021). Smart fire monitoring system with remote control usingZigBee network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 21(2), 1132-1139.
[5] Kodur, V., Kumar, P. & Rafi, M.M. (2020). Fire hazard in buildings: Review, assessment and strategies for improving fire safety. PSU Research Review, 4(1), 1-23.
[6] El-afifi, M.I., Team, S. & Elkelany, M.M. (2024). Development of fire detection technologies. Journal of Communication and Computer Science, 7(1), 58–66.
[7] Niu, L.H., & Hu, Z.G. (2014). Information fusion technology based on wireless fire detection and alarm system. Advanced Materials Research, 846, 883–887.
[8] Sansolis, E., Dumpit, K.A. & Feliprada, C.A. (2021). Smart fire monitoring system for a city: design and development. Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 3(10), 37–47.
[9] Y?lmaz, D.G. (2022). Fire safety and prevention issues in design of tall buildings. International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 9, 138–150.
[10] Ma, Q. & Guo, W. (2012). Discussion on the fire safety design of a high-rise building. Procedia Engineering, 45, 685–689.
[11] Kim, Y.H., Kim, A. & Jeong, H.Y. (2014). RGB color model based the fire detection algorithm in video sequences on wireless sensor network. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10(4), 923609.
[12] Zhang, Y, Geng P, Sivaparthipan, C.B, & Muthu, (2021). Big data and artificial intelligence based early risk warning system of fire hazard for smart cities, Sustain. Energy Technology Assessments, 45, 100986.
[13] Vijayan, A.L. Rose, S. Arvindan, J. Revathy, & Amuthadevi, C. (2020). Automation systems in smart buildings: a review. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1–13.
[14] Hsiao, C.J. & Hsieh, S.H. (2023). Real-time fire protection system architecture for building safety. Journal of Building Engineering, 67, 105913.
[15] Saeed, F., Paul, A., Rehman, A., Hong, W.H. & Seo, H. (2018). IoT-based intelligent modeling of smart home environment for fire prevention and safety. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 7(1), 11.
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[17] Jiang, L., Shi, J., Wang, C. & Pan, Z. (2023). Intelligent control of building fire protection system using digital twins and semantic web technologies. Automation in Construction, 147, 104728.
[18] Li, Y., Yi, J., Zhu, X., Wang, Z. & Xu, F. (2016). Developing a fire monitoring and control system based on IoT. In 2016 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Engineering (AIIE 2016) (pp. 174–178). Atlantis Press.
[19] Perilla, F.S., Villanueva, G.R.,Jr., Cacanindin, N.M. & Palaoag, T.D. (2018). Fire safety and alert system using Arduino sensors with IoT integration. In Proceedings of the 2018 7th International Conference on Software and Computer Applications (pp. 199–203).
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[21] Shaharuddin, S., Maulud, K.N.A., Rahman, S.A.F.S.A., Ani, A.I.C. & Pradhan, B. (2023). The role of IoT sensor in smart building context for indoor fire hazard scenario: A systematic review of interdisciplinary articles. Internet of Things, 22, 100803.
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[23] Khalaf, O.I., Abdulsahib, G.M. & Zghair, N.A.K. (2019). IoT fire detection system using sensor with Arduino. AUS, 26, 74–78.
[24] Al Shereiqi, I.M. & Sohail, M.M. (2019). Smart fire alarm system using IoT. Journal of Student Research.
[25] Bahrudin, M.S.B., Kassim, R.A. & Buniyamin, N. (2013). Development of fire alarm system using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno. In 2013 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE) (pp. 43–48). IEEE.
[26] Dauda, M.S. & Toro, U.S. (2020). Arduino-based fire detection and control system. International Journal of Engineering Applications and Sciences Technology, 4(11), 447–453.
[27] Maharmi, B., J. Sidi, J. & Machdalena, M. (2023). Solar panel tracking control monitoring system, Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace-science and engineering. 67(2), 40–46.
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[31] Marhoon, H.M. Basil, N. & Elias, B.B.Q. (2023). Design and manufacturing of an efficient low-cost fire surveillance system based on gsm communications and iot technology. International Conference on Computing and Communication Networks, pp. 77–93. Springer.
[32] Ambeth, K.V.D. (2016). Human security from death defying gases using an intelligent sensor system. Sensing and bio-sensing research, 7, 107-114.
[33] Devadoss, A.K. (2016). Human life protection in trenches using gas detection system. Biomedical Research, 27( 2), 475–484.
[34] Akpan, V.A., Eyefia, A.S. & Adewumi, G.M. (2021). An integrated iot-based gas-smoke detection system with automatic electronic alarm system. International Journal of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, 6(2), 7-17.
[35] Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, S. & Gupta, R. (2017). Arduino based real-time wireless temperature measurement system with GSM based annunciation. In 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP),( pp. 840–844). IEEE.
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[37] Al-Thobhani, N.G. (2023). Smart Wireless Sensor Network. 1-18.
[38] Chisab, R.F,. Majeed, A.A & Hamid, H.S. (2023). Iot-based smart wireless communication system for electronic monitoring of environmental parameters with a data-logger. International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 12 (6), 450-458.
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[40] Maharmi, B., Kardova, T. & Ermawati. (2019). Development of cost-saving energy for home lighting based microcontroller and rtc. International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering, 2(2), 20-24.
