Prediction of resistance of ship level ice is very important in initial stage of ship design due to related to propulsion and engine power of a ship. As model scale test is very expensive therefore an accurate tool is required to predict the resistance of a ship in ice. A semi empirical method to predict ship resistance in level ice based Koto method was presented. The ship resistance consisted of ice breaking force due to flexural strength of ice, submersion force due to buoyancy, friction force contact between ice and hull and loss momentum force due to collision. The simulation results were verified with experimental data of three icebreakers: MT Uikku, Hellay and Araon. The method was also compared with other empirical methods: Lindqvist, Riska, Keinonen and Jeong. It was founded that the average errors using the proposed method was 3 % for MT Uikku, 0.3 % for Hellay and 0.4 % for Araon.
Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
This paper presents a design for the automatic control system of the threshing station model using PLC Zelio smart relay. Threshing station is a station where a process of separation palm kernel from the bunch by way of slamming into a rotating drum. The threshing station model is a shape which resembles of the threshing station palm oil mill of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V-PKS Sei Galuh, it has been scaled 1:8. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a microprocessor based on instrument that can be programmed to control the machining process automatically. This system design has 2 inputs and 3 outputs. The inputs are push button to turn on and turn off of the works system and a rotary encoder sensor to detect rotating screw conveyor. The outputs are 3 units of DC motors. The programming language is used the ladder diagram by using the Software Zelio Soft 2. This system includes design of ladder diagram program, design of control system on auto feeder and design of rotary encoder sensor. The result of this design is revealed that auto feeder runs automatically turn on for 60 seconds and turn off for 30 seconds, continuously. The sensor works with voltage is 4.4 Volt at the moment un-stunted and 0.1 Volt when the stunted.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V-PKS Sei Galuh, Riau, Indonesia
